In this review, we will cover colloid solutions vs. crystalloid solutions. Both of these are solutions that are administered to the intravascular space and expand the plasma volume. What does it mean to expand plasma volume? This means we’re adding more fluid into the blood vessels (hence plasma). Colloid Solutions First, let’s review colloid solutions. […]
Nursing Career Information
Nursing Career Information: This section includes important career information. You can learn about the types of nurses, such as nurse practitioners, LPNs, RNs, Midwives, and more. You can also find articles including information about nursing salaries, frequently asked questions about the nursing profession, board of nursing contact information, and more. So if you are interested in learning more about nursing careers, then you should find this section useful.
Foley Catheter Mistakes to Avoid as a New Nurse
Foley catheters help patients drain urine, and as a nurse, this is a common skill you may perform. However, Foley catheters are a pretty big deal. If you don’t keep things sterile and insert properly, you can cause infection or damage to the patients genitals or urinary tract area. This video covers some common mistakes […]
How to Secure a Foley Catheter | StatLock Stabilization Device
After inserting an indwelling Foley catheter in a patient, you’ll want to secure the catheter tubing to help prevent unnecessary movement or tension. One popular device used to do this is the StatLock stabilization device. This device is often included in popular Foley catheter kits, such as Bard’s SureStep Foley Tray System, and they make […]
Fluid and Electrolytes Notes & Mnemonics by Nurse Sarah
Fluid and Electrolytes: Notes, Mnemonics, and Quizzes by Nurse Sarah! If you are studying the topic fluid and electrolytes in nursing school, you may feel a little overwhelmed about what material to study and remember. This is why we created a compilation of Nurse Sarah’s own personal notes and memory tricks to help you learn […]
Colloids IV Fluid Solutions Nursing
Colloid IV solutions review for nursing students and nurses! This review is part of a fluid and electrolyte nursing series. In this series, I cover crystalloid IV fluids, electrolyte imbalances, cell transport, fluid and solute movements, measuring intake and output along with fluid overload and deficit volume disorders. Don’t forget to review the colloid nursing […]
Cell Membrane Transport (Passive and Active) and Hydrostatic and Oncotic Pressure
This review will discuss cell membrane transport via passive and active transport processes and the movement of fluid and solutes through the capillary wall (hydrostatic and oncotic pressure). The passive transport processes (require no energy) that move fluid and solutes through the cell membrane include simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. In contrast, the transport […]
Hormones in Fluid Regulation: Aldosterone, ADH, ANP, BNP (RAAS, Thirst Mechanism)
Hormones play a major role in fluid regulation. This is because water in the body must be balanced. There cannot be too much or too little of it. If an imbalance occurs major problems will develop such as fluid volume overload and deficit. Hormones and certain body systems work to prevent fluid imbalance. In this […]
Abnormal Lung Sounds (Adventitious) Review
This review will cover the different types of adventitious (abnormal) lung sounds. As a nurse you want to be able to identify abnormal lung sounds and their characteristics. In this review you will learn about: wheezes, coarse crackles, fine crackles, stridor, pleural friction rub, rhonchi. What questions should you be asking yourself while auscultating adventitious […]
Fluid Volume Deficit or Dehydration (Hypovolemia) Nursing NGN NCLEX
Fluid volume deficit occurs because there isn’t enough fluid in the body to support bodily needs and functions. This is sometime referred to as hypovolemia or dehydration. Dehydration can occur due to a loss of water or certain electrolytes like sodium, not taking in enough water or sodium, or something happens to cause the water […]
Fluid Volume Excess or Overload (Hypervolemia and Water Intoxication)
Fluid volume excess or overload occurs when there is too much fluid in the body. The body needs just the right amount of fluid to function and if there is too much or too little it starts to fail. In this review, you will learn about the types of fluid volume overload, signs and symptoms, […]
How to Deal with Difficult Patients as a Nurse
As a nurse, you’re going to be dealing with your share of difficult patients through the years. These patients can range from a bit rude to downright dangerous. But how should you respond to these patients? I’ll tell you how I’ve dealt with those difficult patients by sharing a couple of stories below. The Patient […]
Left-Sided vs. Right-Sided Heart Failure Nursing Review
This review will cover left-sided heart failure vs. right-sided heart failure for nurses. As a nurse it is important to be familiar with the differences between these two types of heart failure. To help you understand left vs. right sided heart failure visualize the heart’s anatomy in your head and think about what each side […]
Rhonchi Lung Sounds Nursing Review
Rhonchi are abnormal lung sounds that present as a snoring sound. This sound tends to be noted mainly on expiration, but it can be heard during inspiration as well. However, before we jump right into identifying rhonchi, let’s go over the basics in helping you understand how to identify adventitious lung sounds. What questions should […]
Next Generation NCLEX Case Study Sample Questions
One of the big changes on the Next Generation NCLEX exam is a shift toward case studies. Case studies often require a deeper level of critical thinking, and understanding diseases on a more in-depth level (especially the pathophysiology) will make these types of questions easier to answer. In this article, you’ll be able to watch […]
Wheezes (High-Pitched) Lung Sound Nursing Review
Wheezes (high-pitched) are abnormal lung sounds that present as musical, whistling sounds. This sound tends to be noted on expiration where it is the loudest, but it can be heard on both inspiration and expiration. However, before we jump right into identifying wheezes, let’s go over the basics in helping you understand how to identify […]
Wheezes (High-Pitched) Lung Sound Quiz
Wheezes (high-pitched) are an adventitious lung sound. This quiz will test your knowledge on how to identify the characteristics of high-pitched wheezes. Don’t forget to check out the wheezes notes, along with other lung sound quizzes in this series. Also, we have a wheezes lung sound video that you might find helpful. Nurse Sarah’s Notes […]
BMI Calculation Formula Explained
BMI stands for body mass index, and this is one of the anthropometric measurements that nurses collect or calculate during health assessments, along with other measurements such as skinfold thickness, height, weight, and so on. BMI scores are often used to screen for potential health problems, so it can be useful to know how to […]
IV Fluid Types (Crystalloid) Uses Nursing Therapy: (Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic)
IV fluids (also known as intravenous fluids) are special fluids administered to the intravascular compartment, which is part of the extracellular compartment space. Intravenous fluids are an extremely common treatment ordered for patients in the hospital setting. Nurses administer IV fluids per the healthcare provider orders to help treat fluid volume deficits via dehydration, electrolyte […]
Stridor Lung Sound Nursing Review
Stridor is an abnormal lung sound that presents as a squawking or screeching sound. It occurs during inspiration or expiration. However, before we jump right into identifying stridor, let’s go over the basics in helping you understand how to identify adventitious lung sounds. What questions should you be asking yourself while auscultating adventitious lung sounds? […]
ECG/EKG Practice Quiz (Identify Rhythms)
This ECG practice quiz is comprehensive and will test your knowledge on how to identify rhythms, treatments, and the nurse’s role. Don’t forget to check out our complete ECG series that covers everything you need to know about EKG interpretation as a new nurse, as well as our comprehensive EKG rhythms video. ECG/EKG Study Guide […]
Menstrual Cycle Length Calculation
Determining the length of your menstrual cycle (period cycle) can be helpful for many reasons. For example, if you plan to take ovulation tests, you will often need to calculate your cycle length to help you determine the time to start testing. Note, we also have a lecture on the menstrual cycle and a menstrual […]
Pleural Friction Rub Nursing Review
Pleural friction rub, also known as pleural rub, is an abnormal lung sound that presents with a harsh-grating noise. It occurs during inspiration and expiration. However, before we jump right into identifying a pleural friction rub, let’s go over the basics in helping you understand how to identify adventitious lung sounds. What questions should you […]
Coarse Crackles Nursing Review
Coarse crackles are abnormal lung sounds that present like gurgling or bubbling sounds. They begin around inspiration and can sometimes extend into expiration. However, before we jump right into identifying coarse crackles, let’s go over the basics in helping you understand how to identify adventitious lung sounds. What questions should you be asking yourself while […]
Fine Crackles (Rales) Nursing Review
Fine crackles, also called rales, are abnormal lung sounds that present like a popping or crackling noise towards the end of inspiration. However, before we jump right into identifying fine crackles, let’s go over the basics in helping you understand how to identify adventitious lung sounds. What questions should you be asking yourself while auscultating […]
AV Heart Blocks COMPREHENSIVE ECG Interpretation
Learn about First, Second, and Third degree AV heart blocks in this comprehensive ECG review. Each section will review the four different types of heart blocks and have a link to a review quiz afterwards. Also, here is a lecture on heart blocks available to watch: First-Degree AV Heart Block Characteristics and Criteria of First-Degree […]
Cephalosporin Nursing Antibiotic Pharmacology Review
This is a large group of beta-lactam antibiotics used to target a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. There are five generations of Cephalosporins currently. These antibiotics are similar to another group of beta-lactam antibiotics called the Pencillins. Their similarity arises from their chemical structures because both types are made up of a beta-lactam ring. […]
Fluoroquinolones (Quinolones) Nursing Antibiotic Pharmacology Review
Fluoroquinolones, also called Quinolones, are a group of antibiotics helpful for treating gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections. The gram-negative infections this group treats include Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. And the gram-positive infections include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus etc. Because this antibiotic group can target the […]
Atrial Flutter (a-flutter) ECG/EKG Nursing Review
As a nurse you want to be familiar with different types of heart rhythms, especially ones that most commonly affect patients like atrial flutter. Before reviewing these lecture notes, don’t forget to watch the lecture on atrial flutter. A-flutter is a rhythm that is similar to atrial fibrillation in that the atria are not firing […]
Macrolides (Antibiotics) Nursing Pharmacology Review
Macrolides are a class of antibiotics most helpful against gram-positive bacteria like Streptococcal, Corynebacterium diphtheria (which causes diphtheria), and Staphylococcal infections. However, it is not effective against the gram-positive group of bacteria called Enterococcus. Macrolides can also target some gram-negative bacteria like Salmonella, Chlamydia, H. pylori, Legionella, Gonorrhea, and H. influenza (causes epiglottis). Therefore, this […]
Atrial Fibrillation (a-fib) ECG/EKG Nursing Review
As a nurse you want to be familiar with different types of heart rhythms, especially ones that most commonly affect patients like atrial fibrillation. Before reviewing this lecture notes, don’t forget to watch the lecture on atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation, also known as a-fib, is one of the most common rhythms seen in a hospitalized […]
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