Cephalosporins are a widely used class of antibiotics that share a common prefix, “cef-” or “ceph-”. Popular medications in this class include ceftriaxone and cephalexin. These antibiotics are highly versatile, making them a staple in many clinical settings.
What Do Cephalosporins Target?
Cephalosporins have broad-spectrum activity.
- First-generation cephalosporins primarily target gram-positive bacteria.
- Later generations have enhanced gram-negative coverage, which allows them to treat a wider range of infections.
This makes cephalosporins effective for:
- Pneumonia
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Skin infections
- Surgical prophylaxis
- Some central nervous system infections, including meningitis, as certain later-generation cephalosporins can cross the blood-brain barrier
Lecture on Cephalosporins
How Cephalosporins Work
Cephalosporins inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, giving them a bactericidal effect that effectively combats bacterial infections.
Key Nursing and Safety Considerations
A helpful way to remember important points about cephalosporins is by focusing on the first part of the word: “CEPHAL”.
C – Creatinine / BUN: Cephalosporins can be nephrotoxic, so monitor kidney function.
E – Ethanol (Alcohol) Intolerance: Avoid alcohol during treatment and up to 72 hours after to prevent a disulfiram-like reaction.
P – Pseudomembranous Colitis: Watch for C. difficile infections, which present with watery, foul-smelling diarrhea and fever.
H – Hypersensitivity: Ask about penicillin allergies, as cross-sensitivity can occur. Monitor for rash or anaphylaxis.
A– Administration Tips:
- IV: Monitor for phlebitis, as cephalosporins can be harsh on veins.
- IM: Use a large muscle (e.g., ventrogluteal) for injections.
L – Lower Prothrombin: Some cephalosporins can interfere with vitamin K, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor PT/INR accordingly.
You may be interested in: Cephalosporins NCLEX-Style Practice Questions
References:
Kizior, R. J., & Hodgson, K. (2023). Saunders nursing drug handbook (12th ed., p. 223). Elsevier. ISBN 9780323930765
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2013). Ceftriaxone for Injection and Dextrose Injection in DUPLEX® Container (NDA 050796, S-014). https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/050796s014lbl.pdf